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Porphyry of Tyre (; , ''Porphyrios''; c. 234 – c. 305 AD) was a Neoplatonic philosopher who was born in Tyre.〔For Porphyry's dates, place of birth and philosophical school, see Barker 2003. Sarton 1936, pp. 429-430, identifies Transjordania as Porphyry's place of birth.〕 He edited and published the ''Enneads'', the only collection of the work of his teacher Plotinus. His commentary on Euclid's ''Elements'' was used as a source by Pappus of Alexandria.〔See O'Connor and Robertson, ("Porphyry Malchus" ).〕 He also wrote many works himself on a wide variety of topics.〔Topics range from music to Homer to vegetarianism. For a comprehensive list see Beutler (1894–1980).〕 His ''Isagoge'', or ''Introduction'', is an introduction to logic and philosophy,〔Barnes 2003, p. xv clarifies that the ''Isagoge'' "() not an ''Introduction to the Categories'', rather "(it was ) an introduction to the study of logic, () was... an introduction to philosophy--and hence accidentally an introduction to the ''Categories''."〕 and in Latin translation it was the standard textbook on logic throughout the Middle Ages.〔See Barnes 2003, p. ix.〕 In addition, through several of his works, most notably ''Philosophy from Oracles'' and ''Against the Christians'', which was banned by emperor Constantine the Great, he was involved in a controversy with a number of early Christians,.〔See Digeser 1998.〕 == Biography == Porphyry's parents were Greek, and he was born in Tyre. His parents named him ''Malchus'' ("king")〔For connotations of West Semitic ''M-L-K'', see Moloch; compare theophoric names like Abimelech.〕 but his teacher in Athens, Cassius Longinus, gave him the name Porphyrius ("clad in purple"), possibly a reference to his Phoenician heritage, or a punning allusion to his name and the color of royal robes. Under Longinus he studied grammar and rhetoric. In 262 he went to Rome, attracted by the reputation of Plotinus, and for six years devoted himself to the practice of Neoplatonism, during which time he severely modified his diet. At one point he became suicidal.〔Eunapius, ''Lives of the Philosophers''〕 On the advice of Plotinus he went to live in Sicily for five years to recover his mental health. On returning to Rome, he lectured on philosophy and completed an edition of the writings of Plotinus (who had died in the meantime) together with a biography of his teacher. Iamblichus is mentioned in ancient Neoplatonic writings as his pupil, but this most likely means only that he was the dominant figure in the next generation of philosophers. The two men differed publicly on the issue of theurgy. In his later years, he married Marcella, a widow with seven children and an enthusiastic student of philosophy. Little more is known of his life, and the date of his death is uncertain. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Porphyry (philosopher)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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